Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
Volume 1, Issue 2 , Pages 94-102 , May 2003

The airline passenger: current medical issues

  • Anthony N. Nicholson

      Affiliations

    • School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Address: Applewood, Island, Steep, GU32 1AE Hampshire, UK. Tel.: +44-1730-233863
    • ,
  • Andrew R.C. Cummin

      Affiliations

    • Department of Respiratory Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
    • ,
  • Paul L.F. Giangrande

      Affiliations

    • Oxford Haemophilia Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

References 

  1. Cummin ARC, Nicholson AN. Aviat Med Airline Passenger Arnold. 2000;
  2. Nicholson AN. Dehydration and long haul flights. Travel Med Int. 1994;16:177–181
  3. Consolidated Safety Services. Airline cabin air quality study. Report to ATA Oakton, VA: Consolidated Safety Services. 1994;
  4. Consolidated Safety Services. ASHRAE research project 957-RP, Atlanta, GA. ASHRAE research project 957-RP, Atlanta, GA. 1999;
  5. Nagda NL, Geomet Technologies . Report No. DOT-P-15-89-5. Report No. DOT-P-15-89-5. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1989;
  6. Rayman RB. Cabin air quality: an overview. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2002;73:211–215
  7. Mackerer CR, Barth ML, Krueger AJ, Chawla B, Roy TA. Comparison of neurotoxic effects from oral administration or ingestion of tricresyl phosphate and jet engine oil containing tricresyl phosphate. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1999;57:293–328
  8. House of Lords. Select Committee on science and technology fifth report 15. Select Committee on science and technology fifth report 15. 2000;
  9. Winder C, Balouet J-C. Aerotoxic syndrome: adverse health effects following exposure to jet oil mist during commercial flights. In:  Eddington I editors. Proceedings of International Congress on Occupational Health 2000, Brisbane. Proceedings of International Congress on Occupational Health 2000, Brisbane. 2000; p. 196–199
  10. Winder C, Balouet J-C. The toxicity of commercial jet oils. Environ Res. 2002;89:146–164
  11. Moyle JTB, Hahn CEW, Adams AP. Pulse oximetry. revised ed. London: BMJ Publishing Group; 1998; p. 32
  12. Harinck E, Hutter PA, Hoorntje TM, Simons M, Benatar AA, de Bruijin D, et al. Air travel and adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Circulation. 1996;93:272–276
  13. Cottrell JJ, Lebovitz BL, Fennell RG, Kohn GM. Inflight arterial saturation: continuous monitoring by pulse oximetry. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1995;66:126–130
  14. Gong H, Tashkin DP, Lee EY, Simmons MS. Hypoxia-altitude simulation test: evaluation of patients with chronic airway obstruction. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984;130:980–986
  15. Lien D, Turner M. Recommendations for patients with chronic respiratory disease considering air travel: a statement from the Canadian Thoracic Society. Can Respir J. 1998;5:95–100
  16. Gong H. Air travel and oxygen therapy in cardio-pulmonary patients. Chest. 1992;101:1101–1113
  17. British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. Managing passengers with respiratory disease planning air travel: British Thoracic Society recommendations. Thorax. 2002;57:289–304
  18. Neidhart P, Suter PM. Pulmonary bulla and sudden death in a young aeroplane passenger. Intensive Care Med. 1985;11:45–47
  19. Vohra P, Klocke RA. Detection and correction of hypoxemia associated with air travel. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;148:1215–1219
  20. Kramer MR, Jakobson DJ, Springer C, Donchin Y. The safety of air transportation of patients with advanced lung disease: experience with 21 patients requiring lung transplantation or pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Chest. 1995;108:1292–1296
  21. Davies JM, Latto IP, Jones JG, Veale A, Wardrop CA. Effects of stopping smoking for 48 hours on oxygen availability from the blood: a study on pregnant women. BMJ. 1979;2:355–356
  22. Buchdahl RM, Babiker A, Bush A, Cramer D. Predicting hypoxaemia during flights in children with cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 2001;56:877–879
  23. Oades PJ, Buchdahl RM, Bush A. Prediction of hypoxaemia at high altitude in children with cystic fibrosis. Br Med J. 1994;308:15–18
  24. Sadikot RT, Greene T, Meadows K, Arnold AG. Recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Thorax. 1997;52:805–809
  25. Homans J. Thrombosis of the deep leg veins due to prolonged sitting. New Engl J Med. 1954;250:148–149
  26. World Health Organisation (WHO). Consultation on air travel and thromboembolism, Geneva; 12–13 March, 2001, http://www.who.int/ncd/cvd/dvt.htm.
  27. Pfausler B, Vollert H, Bosch S, Schmutzhard E. Cerebral venous thrombosis: a new diagnosis in travel medicine. J Travel Med. 1996;3:165–167
  28. Collins REC, Field S, Castleden WM. Thrombosis of leg arteries after prolonged travel. Br Med J. 1979;iv:147–148
  29. Teenen RP, MacKay AJ. Peripheral arterial thrombosis related to commercial airline flights: another manifestation of the economy class syndrome. Br J Clin Pract. 1992;46:165–166
  30. Ashkan K, Nassim A, Dennis MJS, Sayers RD. Acute arterial thrombosis after a long-haul flight. J R Soc Med. 1998;91:324
  31. Chan FP, Jones TR. Paradoxical embolus. New Engl J Med. 2001;345:803
  32. Stewart AJ, Manson LM, Dennis R, Allan PL, Ludlam CA. Thrombosis in a duplicated superficial femoral vein in a patient with haemophilia A. Haemophilia. 2000;6:47–49
  33. Ferrari E, Chevallier T, Chapelier A, Baudouy M. Travel as a risk factor for venous thromboembolic disease: a case-control study. Chest. 1999;115:440–444
  34. Kraaijenhagen RA, Haverkamp D, Koopman MM, Prandoni P, Piovella F, Buller HR. Travel and risk of venous thrombosis. Lancet. 2000;356:1492–1493
  35. Eklof B, Kistner RL, Masuda E, Sonntag BV, Wong HP. Venous thromboembolism in association with prolonged air travel. Dermatological Surgery. 1996;22:637–641
  36. Paganin F, Laurent Y, Gaüzere BA, Blanc P, Roblin X. Pulmonary embolism on non-stop flights between France and Reunion Island (letter). Lancet. 1996;347:1195–1196
  37. Mercer A, Brown JD. Venous thromboembolism associated with air travel: a report of 33 patients. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1998;69:154–157
  38. Symington IS, Stack BHR. Pulmonary thromboembolism after travel. Br J Dis Chest. 1977;71:138–140
  39. Ledermann JA, Keshavarzian A. Acute pulmonary embolism following air travel. Postgrad Med J. 1983;59:104–105
  40. Lapostolle F, Surget V, Borron SW, Desmaizières M, Sordelet D, Lapandry C, et al. Severe pulmonary embolism associated with air travel. New Engl J Med. 2001;345:779–783
  41. Sarvesvaran R. Sudden natural deaths associated with commercial air travel. Med Sci Law. 1986;26:35–38
  42. Clerel M, Caillard G. Syndrome thrombo-embolique de la station assise prolongée et vols de longue durée: l'e'expérience du Service Médicale d'U'Urgence des Aeroports de Paris. Bull Acad Natl Méd. 1999;183:985–997
  43. Caillard G, Clerel M. Travel and risk of venous thrombosis (letter). Lancet. 2001;357:554–555
  44. Kline JA, Putman M, Courtney DM. Fatal pulmonary embolism immediately after transatlantic air travel to the United States: less than one in a million (letter). Thromb Haemost. 2002;87:342
  45. Scurr JH, Machin SJ, Bailey-King S, Mackie IJ, McDonald S, Smith PD. Frequency and prevention of symptomless deep-vein thrombosis in long-haul flights: a randomized trial. Lancet. 2001;357:1485–1489
  46. Burnand KG, McGuiness CL, Smith A. Deep-vein thrombosis in long-haul flights (letter). Lancet. 2001;358:837
  47. Cruickshank JM, Gorlin R, Jennett B. Air travel and thrombotic episodes: the economy class syndrome. Lancet. 1988;ii:497–498
  48. Sahiar F, Mohler SR. Economy class syndrome. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1994;65:957–960
  49. Arfvidsson B, Eklof B, Kistner RL, Masuda EM, Sato DT. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism following prolonged air travel. Hematol Oncol Clin North Amrica. 2000;14:391–400
  50. Bendz B, Rostrup M, Sevre K, Andersen TO, Sandset PM. Association between hypobaric hypoxia and activation of coagulation in human beings. Lancet. 2000;356:1657–1658
  51. Bendz B, Sevre K, Andersen TO, Sandset PM. Low molecular weight heparin prevents activation of coagulation in a hypobaric environment. Blood Coagul Fibrinol. 2001;12:371–374
  52. Mannucci PM, Gringeri A, Peyvandi F, Di Paolantonio T, Mariani G. Short-term exposure to high altitude causes coagulation activation and inhibits fibrinolysis. Thromb Haemost. 2002;87:342–343
  53. Ten VS, Pinsky DJ. Endothelial response to hypoxia: physiologic adaptation and pathologic dysfunction. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2002;8:242–250
  54. Rege KP, Bevan DH, Chitolie A, Shannon MS. Risk factors and thrombosis after airline flight. Thromb Haemost. 1999;81:995–996
  55. Antiplatelet Trialist's Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy. III. Reduction in venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism by antiplatelet prophylaxis against surgical and medical patients. Br Med J. 1994;308:235–246
  56. The Pulmonary Embolism Prevention (PEP) Trial Collaborative Group. Prevention of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis with low dose aspirin: the pulmonary embolism prevention (PEP) trial. Lancet. 2000;355:1295–1302
  57. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, Incandela L, De S, Geroulakos G, et al. Venous thrombosis from air travel: the LOFLIT3 study. Prevention with aspirin vs low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in high-risk subjects: a randomised trial. Angiology. 2002;53:1–6
  58. Loke YK, Derry S. Air travel and venous thrombosis; how much help might aspirin be?. Medscape Gen Med. 2002;4:1–4

PII: S1477-8939(03)00060-7

doi: 10.1016/S1477-8939(03)00060-7

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
Volume 1, Issue 2 , Pages 94-102 , May 2003

Article Tools