Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
Volume 7, Issue 6 , Pages 329-336 , November 2009

Effectiveness of malaria chemoprophylaxis against Plasmodium falciparum infection in UK travellers: Retrospective observational data

  • Jane N. Zuckerman

      Affiliations

    • WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference, Research and Training in Travel Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44 (0) 20 7830 2999; fax: +44 (0) 20 7830 2268.
    • ,
  • Anthony J. Batty

      Affiliations

    • GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK
    • ,
  • Michael E. Jones

      Affiliations

    • Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK

Received 14 September 2009 ,Accepted 11 October 2009.

References 

  1. Zuckerman JN. Preventing malaria in UK travellers. BMJ. 2004;329:305–306
  2. Zuckerman JN. Imported malaria in the UK. BMJ. 2008;337:a135
  3. Health Protection Agency . Malaria imported into the UK in 2007: implications for those advising travellers. vol. 2. Health Protection Report; 2008;www.hpa.org.uk/hpr/archives/2008/news1708.htm
  4. Smith AD, Bradley DJ, Smith V, Blaze M, Behrens RH, Chiodini PL, et al. Imported malaria and high risk groups: observational study using UK surveillance data 1987–2006. BMJ. 2008;337:a120
  5. Snow R, Guerra C, Noor A, Myint H, Hay S. The global distribution of clinical episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Nature. 2005;434:214–247
  6. World Health Organization . Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs. Report on Global Monitoring 1996–2004. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2005;pp. 35–9
  7. Bradley D, Bannister B. Guidelines for malaria prevention in travellers from the United Kingdom for 2001. Commun Dis Public Health. 2001;4:84–101
  8. Chiodini P, Hill D, Lalloo D, Lea G, Walker E, Whitty C, et al. Guidelines for malaria prevention in travellers from the United Kingdom. Health Protection Agency; 2007;www.hpa.org.uk/webw/HPAweb&;HPAwebStandard/HPAweb_C/1203496943315?p=1153846674367
  9. Sutherland CJ, Haustein T, Gadalla N, Armstrong M, Doherty JF, Chiodini PL. Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infections among UK travellers returning with malaria after chloroquine prophylaxis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;59:1197–1199
  10. Health Protection Agency . Antimicrobial resistance and prescribing in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2008. www.hpa.org.uk/web/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/12167980804691995;
  11. Health Protection Agency . Antimicrobial resistance in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/12041004353892006;
  12. Health Protection Agency . Trends in antimicrobial resistance in England and Wales, 2001–2003. www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/11949473262572005;
  13. Health Protection Agency . Trends in antimicrobial resistance in England and Wales, 2004–2005. www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/11969421669202006;
  14. Gyorkos TW, Svenson JE, Maclean JD, Mohamed N, Remondin MH, Franco ED. Compliance with antimalarial chemoprophylaxis and the subsequent development of malaria: a matched case-control study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995;53:511–517
  15. Ohrt C, Richie TL, Widjaja H, Shanks GD, Fitriadi J, Fryauff DJ, et al. Mefloquine compared with doxycycline for the prophylaxis of malaria in Indonesian soldiers. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:963–972
  16. Overbosch D, Schilthuis H, Bienzle U, Behrens RH, Kain KC, Clarke PD, et al. Atovaquone-proguanil versus mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis in nonimmune travelers: results from a randomized, double-blind study. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:1015–1021
  17. Pang LW, Limsomwong N, Boudreau EF, Singharaj P. Doxycycline prophylaxis for falciparum malaria. Lancet. 1987;1:1161–1164
  18. Shanks GD, Gordon DM, Klotz FW, Aleman GM, Oloo AJ, Sadie D, et al. Efficacy and safety of atovaquone/proguanil as suppressive prophylaxis for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:494–499
  19. Shanks GD, Roessler P, Edstein MD, Rieckmann KH. Doxycycline for malaria prophylaxis in Australian soldiers deployed to United Nations missions in Somalia and Cambodia. Mil Med. 1995;160(9):443–445
  20. Buchanan N, Kean W. Evidence based medicine: the median is not the message. J Rheumatol. 2001;28:2371–2372
  21. Kofoed K, Petersen E. The efficacy of chemoprophylaxis against malaria with chloroquine plus proguanil, mefloquine, and atovaquone plus proguanil in travelers from Denmark. J Travel Med. 2003;10:150–154
  22. Office of National Statistics . Mid-2007 population estimates. Fareham: Population Estimates Unit, ONS Centre for Demography; Aug 21 2008;
  23. British National Formulary 56. 5.4.1 Prophylaxis against malaria. London: BMJ Group and RPS Publishing; 2008;www.bnf.org/bnf/bnf/56/16019.htm?q=%22malaria%22
  24. British National Formulary 56. 13.6.2 Oral preparations for acne. London: BMJ Group and RPS Publishing; 2008;www.bnf.org/bnf/bnf/56/6043.htm?q=%22acne%22#_hit
  25. Leonard L, Van Landingham M. Adherence to travel health guidelines: the experience of Nigerian immigrants in Houston. Texas J Immigr Health. 2001;2001(3):31–45
  26. Morgan M, Figueroa-Munoz J. Barriers to adherence and uptake with malaria prophylaxis by the African community in London, England: a focus group study. Ethn Health. 2005;10:355–372
  27. Pistone T, Guibert P, Gay F, Malvy D, Ezzedine K. Malaria risk perception, knowledge and prophylaxis practices among travellers of African ethnicity living in Paris and visiting their country of origin in sub-Saharan Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007;101:990–995
  28. Rothwell PM. Factors that can affect the external validity of randomised controlled trials. PLoS Clinical Trials. 2006;1:e9
  29. Sackett D, Wennberg J. Choosing the best research design for each question. BMJ. 1997;315:1636
  30. Schlagenhauf P, Tschopp A, Johnson R, Nothdurft HD, Beck B, Schwartz E, et al. Tolerability of malaria chemoprophylaxis in non-immune travellers to sub-Saharan Africa: multicentre, randomised, double blind, four arm study. BMJ. 2003;327:1078
  31. Croft A, Garner P. Mefloquine to prevent malaria: a systematic review of trials. BMJ. 1997;315:1412–1416
  32. Badrinath P, Ejidokun OO, Barnes N, Ramaiah S. Change in NHS regulations may have caused increase in malaria. BMJ. 1998;316:1746–1747
  33. Clift S, Grabowski P. Malaria prophylaxis and the media. Lancet. 1996;348:344
  34. Lariam tablets 250mg (mefloquine hydrochloride). Summary of product characteristics. Welwyn Garden City, UK: Roche Products Limited; February 2008;
  35. Vibramycin capsules 50mg (doxycycline). Summary of product characteristics. Kent, UK: Pfizer Limited; May 2008;
  36. Jong EC, Nothdurft HD. Current drugs for anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis; a review of efficacy and safety. J Travel Med. 2001;8(Suppl. 3):S48–S56
  37. Malarone tablets (atovaquone 250mg, proguanil hydrochloride 100mg). Summary of product characteristics. Brentford, UK: GlaxoSmithKline; May 2008;
  38. Malarone tablets (atovaquone 250mg, proguanil hydrochloride 100mg). Prescribing information. Research Triangle Park, USA: GlaxoSmithKline; June 2008;
  39. Freedman DO. Clinical practice. Malaria prevention in short-term travelers. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:603–612
  40. Senn N, D'Acremont V, Landry P, Genton B. Malaria chemoprophylaxis: what do the travelers choose, and how does pretravel consultation influence their final decision. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77:1010–1014

☆ Preliminary results presented: Zuckerman JN, Batty AJ, Millard D, Jones ME. Observational Data on the Clinical Effectiveness of Malaria Chemoprophylaxis against Plasmodium falciparum Infection in UK Travellers: Preliminary Results. 11th Conference of the International Society of Travel Medicine; May 24–28, 2009.

PII: S1477-8939(09)00153-7

doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2009.10.002

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
Volume 7, Issue 6 , Pages 329-336 , November 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution