Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
Volume 8, Issue 3 , Pages 139-143 , May 2010

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever: Risk for emergence of new endemic foci in Europe?

  • Helena C. Maltezou

      Affiliations

    • Department for Interventions in Health-Care Facilities, Hellenic Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department for Interventions in Health-Care Facilities, Hellenic Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 3–5 Agrafon Street, Athens 15123, Greece. Tel.: +30 210 5212 175; fax: +30 210 5212 177.
    • ,
  • Anna Papa

      Affiliations

    • First Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Received 4 February 2010 ,Revised 27 April 2010 ,Accepted 29 April 2010.

References 

  1. Vorou R, Pierroutsakos IN, Maltezou H. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2007;20:495–500
  2. Maltezou HC, Papa A, Tsiodras S, Dalla V, Maltezos E, Antoniadis A. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in Greece: a public health perspective. Int J Infect Dis. 2009;13:713–716
  3. Papa A, Maltezou HC, Tsiodras S, Dalla V, Papadimitriou T, Pierroutsakos IN, et al. A case of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in Greece, June 2008. Euro Surveill. 2008;13(33):pii: 18952
  4. Papa A, Bozovi B, Pavlidou V, Papadimitriou E, Pelemis M, Antoniadis A. Genetic detection and isolation of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Kosovo, Yugoslavia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:852–854
  5. Papa A, Bino S, Llagami A, Brahinaj B, Papadimitriou E, Pavlidou V, et al. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in Albania, 2001. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002;21:603–606
  6. Kunchev A, Kojouharova M. Probable cases of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever in Bulgaria: a preliminary report. Euro Surveill. 2008;13:pii: 18845
  7. Papa A, Christova I, Papadimitriou E, Antoniadis A. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in Bulgaria. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:1465–1467
  8. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Centralized Information System for Infectious Diseases. Available from: http://data.euro.who.int/cisid/?TablD=189622 [accessed: 14.03.10].
  9. Yilmaz GR, Buzgan T, Irmak H, Safran A, Uzun R, Cevik MA, et al. The epidemiology of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in Turkey, 2002–2007. Int J Infect Dis. 2009;13:380–386
  10. Papa A, Bino S, Velo E, Harxhi A, Kota M, Antoniadis A. Cytokines levels in Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever. J Clin Virol. 2006;36:272–276
  11. Hoogstraal H. The epidemiology of tick-borne Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in Asia, Europe, and Africa. J Med Entomol. 1979;15:307–417
  12. Randolph SE, Rogers DJ. Ecology of tick-borne disease and the role of climate. In:  Ergonul O,  Whitehouse CA editor. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever. A global perspective. Dordrecht: Springer.; 2007;p. 167–186
  13. Deyde VM, Khristova ML, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Nichol ST. Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus genomics and global diversity. J Virol. 2006;80:8834–8842
  14. Iori A, Di Paolo M. Acarological studies in two protected areas of Central Italy. Parasitologia. 1999;41(Suppl. 1):53–55
  15. Ruiz-Fons F, Fernandez-de-Mera IG, Acevedo P, Hofle U, Vicente J, de la Fuente J, et al. Ixodid ticks parasitizing Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and European wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Spain: geographical and temporal distribution. Vet Parasitol. 2006;140:133–142
  16. Estrada-Pena A, Santos-Silva MM. The distribution of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of domestic livestock in Portugal. Exp Appl Acarol. 2005;36:233–246
  17. Punda-Polic V, Petrovec M, Trilar T, Duh D, Bradaric N, Klismanic Z, et al. Detection and identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks collected in southern Croatia. Exp Appl Acarol. 2002;28:169–176
  18. Yashina L, Petrova I, Seregin S, Vyshemirskii O, Lvov D, Aristova V, et al. Genetic variability of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Russia and Central Asia. J Gen Virol. 2003;84:1199–1206
  19. Pavlidou V, Gerou S, Kahrimanidou M, Papa A. Ticks infesting domestic animals in northern Greece. Exp Appl Acarol. 2008;45:195–198
  20. Nijhof AM, Bodaan C, Postigo M, Nieuwenhuijs H, Opsteegh M, Franssen L, et al. Ticks and associated pathogens collected from domestic animals in the Netherlands. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2007;7:585–595
  21. Kampen H, Poltz W, Hartelt K, Wolfel R, Faulde M. Detection of a questing Hyalomma marginatum marginatum adult female (Acari, Ixodidae) in southern Germany. Exp Appl Acarol. 2007;43:227–231
  22. Ergonul O. Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6:203–214
  23. Estrada-Pena A, Zatansever Z, Gargili A, Aktas M, Uzun R, Ergonul O, et al. Modelling the spatial distribution of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Turkey. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2007;7:667–668
  24. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Epidemiology for Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus: Turkey, Russian Federation, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Kosovo. Available from: www.euro.who.int/surveillance/outbreaks/20080806_1 [accessed 17.12.08].
  25. Kuhn JH, Seregin SV, Morzunov SP, Petrova ID, Vyshemirskii O, Lvov DK, et al. Genetic analysis of the mRNA segment of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus involved in the recent outbreaks in Russia. Arch Virol. 2004;149:2199–2213
  26. Gazeta R, Kavkaz S. Crimean–Congo hem. fever – Russia (09): (Stavropol). ProMed. Available from: http://www.promedmail.org, archive number: 20081005.3148 [accessed 5.10.08].
  27. Christova I, Di Caro A, Papa A, Castilletti C, Andonova L, Kalvatchev N, et al. Crimean–-Congo hemorrhagic fever, southwestern Bulgaria. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:983–985
  28. Ertugrul B, Uyar Y, Yavas K, Turan C, Oncu S, Saylak O, et al. An outbreak of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in western Anatolia. Turkey Int J Infect Dis. 2009;13:e431–e436
  29. Charrel RN, Attoui H, Butenko AM, Clegg JC, Deubel V, Frolova TV, et al. Tick-borne virus diseases of human interest in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004;10:1040–1055
  30. Filipe AR, Calisher CH, Lazuick J. Antibodies to Congo–Crimean haemorrhagic fever, Dhori, Thogoto and Bhanja viruses in southern Portugal. Acta Virol. 1985;29:324–328
  31. Estrada-Pena A, Venzal JM. Climate niches of tick species in the Mediterranean region: modeling of occurrence data, distributional constraints, and impact of climate change. J Med Entomol. 2007;44:1130–1138

PII: S1477-8939(10)00060-8

doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2010.04.008

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
Volume 8, Issue 3 , Pages 139-143 , May 2010

Article Tools