Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease RSS feed: Current Issue. The journal will publish original papers and invited reviews covering all aspects of travel medicine and infectious disease. These will include the epidemiology and surveillance of travel-related infectious disease, vaccine-preventable disease, illness in returning travellers, aviation medicine including psychological aspects, environmental hazards of travel, practical clinical issues for travellers, tropical medicine and tropical skin disease and general aspects of travel medicine and infectious disease. The journal will also bring together knowledge from different specialties involved in the research and clinical practice of travel medicine and infectious disease. The journal will publish topical leading academic reviews and opinion papers, original articles and case reports as well as a correspondence section. http://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease1477-893996November 2011 © 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/article/PIIS1477893911001116/abstract?rss=yesEditorial board10.1016/S1477-8939(11)00111-6Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, 6 (2011)2011-11-01Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease2011-11-0196S1477-8939(11)X0007-8iihttp://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/article/PIIS1477893911001207/abstract?rss=yesSummary: Salmonella species are a group of Gram-negative enterobacteria and known human pathogens in developing as well as industrialized countries. Despite significant advances in sanitation, provision of potable water, and highly controlled food chain surveillance, transmission of Salmonella spp. continues to affect communities, preferentially children, worldwide. This review summarizes updated concepts on typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella infections, starting with a historical perspective that implicates typhoid Salmonella as a significant human pathogen since ancient times. We describe the epidemiology of this pathogen with emphasis on the most recent non-typhoidal Salmonella outbreaks in industrialized countries and continued outbreaks of typhoid Salmonella in underserved countries. An overview of clinical aspects of typhoid and non-typhoid infections in developing and industrialized countries, respectively, is provided, followed by a description on current treatment concepts and challenges treating multidrug-resistant Salmonella infections. We conclude with prevention recommendations, and recent research studies on vaccine prevention.Salmonella infections: An update on epidemiology, management, and preventionFlor M. Sánchez-Vargas, Maisam A. Abu-El-Haija, Oscar G. Gómez-Duarte10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.11.001Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, 6 (2011)2011-11-28Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease2011-11-2896S1477-8939(11)X0007-8Review263277http://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/article/PIIS1477893911000913/abstract?rss=yesSummary: Many travellers fail to take malaria chemoprophylaxis, despite receiving pre-travel advice. This study examined whether non-adherence could be predicted from verbal communication in the pre-travel consultation, and whether non-adherence was related to the quality of clinician–traveller communication.The consultations of one hundred and thirty consecutive travellers at a UK travel clinic were audiotaped and a follow-up telephone interview was used to assess adherence to malaria chemoprophylaxis. Experienced travel clinic staff were asked to predict adherence and rate the quality of communication from eighteen transcripts of consultations (nine good and nine poor adherence).Clinic staff predicted adherence to malaria chemoprophylaxis significantly better than chance. Poor adherence was related to poor quality communication. Clinic staff provided criteria for good quality clinician–traveller communication.It is concluded that predictors of non-adherence can be identified during the pre-travel consultation. Clinic staff could employ specific communication strategies to improve the effectiveness of consultations.Travel clinic communication and non-adherence to malaria chemoprophylaxisLorna Farquharson, Lorraine M. Noble, Ron H. Behrens10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.09.004Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, 6 (2011)2011-10-31Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease2011-10-3196S1477-8939(11)X0007-8Original Articles278283http://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/article/PIIS1477893911000925/abstract?rss=yesSummary: International travel is changing the epidemiology of imported malaria. Our aim was to study malaria prophylaxis administered to travellers from Greece. The study was conducted during 2008–2009. Data were collected using a standardized form. A total of 2337 travellers were studied; prophylaxis was recommended to 60.2% of them. Of the 2337 travellers, 32.6% travelled to sub-Saharan Africa, 25.5% to South America, 11.8% to Indian subcontinent, 11.7% to Middle East, and 4.4% to Southeast Asia; prophylaxis was recommended to 77.4%, 64%, 80.6%, 4.8% and 73.5% of them, respectively. According to the purpose of travel, prophylaxis was recommended to 85.4% of those travelling for work, 75.2% of those visiting friends and relatives, and 62% of those travelling for recreation. Prophylaxis advised was provided to 68.5%, 66.2%, 61.5%, and 18.9% to those staying at a residence of local people, camping, hotels, and cruise ships, respectively. Regarding long-term travellers, malaria prophylaxis was recommended to 42.6%. Recommendation of malaria prophylaxis was significantly statistically in association with destination countries, purpose of travel, type of residence in endemic areas There is a need to improve recommendations for malaria prophylaxis for travellers from Greece, and to increase awareness and education of professionals providing travel health services in Greece.Descriptive analysis of malaria prophylaxis for travellers from Greece visiting malaria-endemic countriesAndroula Pavli, Paraskevi Smeti, Athina Spilioti, Annita Vakali, Panagiotis Katerelos, Helena C. Maltezou10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.09.005Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, 6 (2011)2011-11-01Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease2011-11-0196S1477-8939(11)X0007-8Original Articles284288http://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/article/PIIS1477893911001074/abstract?rss=yesSummary: Background: Imported malaria cases continue to occur and are often underreported. This study assessed reporting of malaria cases and their characteristics in Scotland.Methods: Cases were identified at the study sites of Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Inverness. The number of cases identified in the period 2003–2008 was compared to surveillance databases from Health Protection Scotland (HPS) and the Malaria Reference Laboratory (MRL). Case characteristics were recorded and analysed.Results: Of 252 cases of malaria diagnosed and treated, an estimated 235 (93.3%) were reported to the MRL. Between 2006 and 2008, 114 of 126 cases (90.5%) were reported to HPS. Plasmodium falciparum caused 173 cases (68.7%). Business and professional travel accounted for 35.3% of cases (higher in Aberdeen), followed by visiting friends and relatives (33.1%) and holiday makers (25.5%). The majority of infections were imported from West Africa and 65.7% of patients for whom data on prophylaxis was available had taken no or inappropriate prophylaxis.Conclusions: Reporting of malaria in Scotland can be improved. There is a continued need to optimise preventive measures and adherence to chemoprophylaxis amongst business travellers, those visiting friends and relatives, and holiday makers in endemic countries in order to reduce imported malaria cases.Imported malaria in Scotland – An overview of surveillance, reporting and trendsHolger W. Unger, Andrew D. McCallum, Vincent Ukachukwu, Claire McGoldrick, Kali Perrow, Gareth Latin, Gillian Norrie, Sheila Morris, Catherine C. Smith, Michael E. Jones10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.10.001Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, 6 (2011)2011-11-07Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease2011-11-0796S1477-8939(11)X0007-8Original Articles289297http://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/article/PIIS147789391100072X/abstract?rss=yesSummary: Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system. It is a major cause of seizures in developing countries, especially in the Indian subcontinent and most of Asia, Latin America and Africa. It is increasing in prevalence in Muslim countries, especially in the Gulf region reflecting the demographics of these countries which rely heavily on labourers from highly endemic areas. Infections among Muslims in non-endemic regions are increasing. We describe one prospective case report of a Qatari male who presented with seizures and was found to have neurocysticercosis, and three retrospective cases of this infection among Qatari Muslims, who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital over the past 10 years.Neurocysticercosis in Qatari patients: Case reportsFahmi Yousef Khan, Yahia Z. Imam, Hussein Kamel, Maryam Shafaee10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.07.002Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, 6 (2011)2011-08-04Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease2011-08-0496S1477-8939(11)X0007-8Short Communications298302http://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/article/PIIS1477893911000901/abstract?rss=yesSummary: In Israel, a malaria-free country, we have noticed lately an increase of hospital admissions with malaria, parallel to the rise in the number of Eritrean and Sudanese migrants. Eritrea and Sudan are malaria-endemic countries; Plasmodium falciparum accounts for 85–90% and Plasmodium vivax accounts for 10–15% of malaria species in these areas. We aimed to describe the features of malaria in this migrant population by conducting a retrospective descriptive study of Eritrean and Sudanese migrants admitted with malaria during 1/2009–4/2010. Patient files were reviewed for demographics, clinical data, laboratory tests, treatment and outcome. 101 patients (mean age 24.9 (SD 5.6) years; 86.1% males) with malaria were identified. 87.1% were infected with P. vivax, 6% with P. falciparum, and 6.9% had both. All presented with pyrexia. None had respiratory or cerebral complications. Mean length of hospitalization was 2.49 (SD 1.5) days. No treatment failures or complications were observed. We conclude that in countries with waves of migrants from malaria-endemic areas, onset of fever should raise suspicion of malaria. Contrary to the known dominance of P. falciparum among malaria species in Eritrea and Sudan, the vast majority of migrants presented with P. vivax. The region of P. vivax acquisition remains unclear.Eritrean and Sudanese migrants presenting with malaria in IsraelLisa Saidel-Odes, Klaris Riesenberg, Francisc Schlaeffer, Rozalia Smolyakov, Mike Kafka, Abraham Borer10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.09.003Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, 6 (2011)2011-10-31Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease2011-10-3196S1477-8939(11)X0007-8Short Communications303305http://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/article/PIIS1477893911000937/abstract?rss=yesSummary: We report a case of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae coinfection with associated failure of clinical response to artemether + lumefantrine therapy. This case highlights the need to consider co-infection in the setting of apparent treatment failure and the impact of mixed species infection upon host dynamics and clinical presentation. Recognition of malarial co-infection is clinically important for determining appropriate therapy and preventing disease sequelae.Plasmodium species co-infection as a cause of treatment failureA. Smith, J. Denholm, J. Shortt, D. Spelman10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.09.006Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, 6 (2011)2011-11-01Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease2011-11-0196S1477-8939(11)X0007-8Short Communications306309http://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/article/PIIS1477893911000883/abstract?rss=yesPreparing patients on oral anticoagulants for travel is a challenge for physicians. For example, they are at risk of spontaneous bleeding and control of coagulation time during their trip can be compromised by concurrent illnesses, dietary changes and tropical temperatures. Furthermore, when immunizing patients on anticoagulant therapy against travel-related infections, there is the potential risk of bleedings related to intramuscular injection. According to our Dutch guidelines for travel health advice, the subcutaneous route for administering vaccines is preferred under these circumstances. However, the subcutaneous route of vaccination may be associated with more local reactogenity to the vaccine and a diminished immune response. As a consequence, post-vaccination antibody titre should be considered, especially in elderly travellers.Vaccination in patients on anticoagulantsRob van Aalsburg, Perry J.J. van Genderen10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.09.001Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, 6 (2011)2011-10-24Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease2011-10-2496S1477-8939(11)X0007-8Correspondence310311